Return prenatal visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Return pre-birth visit - Essay Example In the above contextual investigation, the general prosperity of the hatchling can be surveyed by getting its pulse and respiratory rate and know whether it is in trouble or not. Ultrasound is a significant instrument in diagnosing different conditions in obstetrics (Cameron and Moran, 2009). Corresponding to the contextual analysis gave the fundal tallness was discovered halfway between the umbilicus andpubis symphysis which ought to be under the umbilicus dependent on LMP. In any case, different variables sway the right understanding of MSAFP results. These include: gestational age, maternal weight, ethnicity, maternal diabetes mellitus, fetal feasibility, avoidance of different oddities, and various pregnancy (Cameron and Moran, 2009). Ordinarily, AFP is delivered by the york sac, gastrointestinal framework and the liver in a baby (Androutsopoulos, Gkogkos and Decavalas, 2013). Any expansion in its level is consistently demonstrative of an issue around there. (Androutsopoulos, Gkogkos and Decavalas, 2013) In the outcomes gave for the situation study, the specialist should direct further tests dependent on anomalous discoveries from the fundal stature assessment and the AFP (Androutsopoulos, Gkogkos and Decavalas, 2013). Androutsopoulos, G., Gkogkos, P., and Decavalas, G. (2013). Mid-trimester maternal serum hCG and alpha fetal protein levels: Clinical importance and expectation of antagonistic pregnancy result. Universal Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 11(2),

Microscopic Examination Essays - Metallurgy, Metalworking

Minute Examination Minute EXAMINATION OF METALS In this examination, our point is looking at the microstructure of metals. By considering tiny structures of metals, we figure out which material fits best to a given application. We utilized the most well-known strategy, optical procedure, to look at the microstructure. We utilized a little example slice from the metal to be inspected. To have the option to see the structure unmistakably, we initially cleaned and cleaned the example. First we begin cleaning with emery paper no: 1 and some better evaluations. One ought to be cautious about the coarse grating particles and striations from them. Cleaning and pivoting the example 90? during the exchange can forestall these. The subsequent stage is cleaning, yet washing the example before cleaning gives an increasingly victory. At last, we cleaned the example on a pivoting material secured with a compelling grating like Al2O3-Water suspension. We continued cleaning until we acquired a mirror like face. After we wrapped up, the crystalline structure of the example, any splits, creases, non-metallic incorporations and inhomogenities, could be uncovered. Before begin drawing we previously applied mounting process. In this progression we utilized a coordinated pass on set. We put our example into the bite the dust set in the manner that the unpleasant substance of the example was the lower surface and the cleaned face looked upward. We filled the pass on depression with Bakelite and afterward we moved our kick the bucket to a mounpress. Mounting secures our example as well as by making its base level and stable encourages us while we are looking at the example under the magnifying lens. In drawing process, contingent on concoction sythesis, vitality substance and grain direction, we decide the grain limits and the nearness of artificially various stages. To uncover these miniaturized scale basic subtleties of the cleaned mount we utilized an etchant like 1% Nital. We inundated the mount with the cleaned face upward in a little dish of drawing arrangement. When a blossom showed up we evacuated the mount. At this stage, the principal appearance of microstructure can be watched. In the wake of scratching, we washed the mount in water and showered liquor over it. At long last we dried it in a flood of sight-seeing to prepare it to be inspected under magnifying instrument. Science Essays

10 Steps to Writing a Research Paper

10 Steps to Writing a Research Paper Guidelines for Writing a Research Paper Research papers are common assignments in colleges and universities but many students feel at a loss when they have to complete this complicated written project, and some of them even might be wondering how to choose a topic or how to start writing a research paper. Of course, this assignment is time-consuming and requires hard work but any process can be easier if we divide it into several logical steps. In this article, we are going to outline the essential steps in writing a research paper that can help you learn to write an ‘A’ research paper someday if you have a positive attitude and a strong desire to achieve your goal. So here they are 10 steps to writing a research paper that you should follow in your writing. The first step in writing a research paper is choosing a good topic. Select a topic that interests and challenges you and you will enjoy doing research and writing about it. Make sure you can find enough credible sources on your subject. Avoid topics that are controversial or sensational, too technical or specialized. Narrow your topic, keeping in mind the length of your research paper, and focus on a limited aspect of your broad topic. State your thesis and describe the viewpoint that you are going to support in your paper. This step will help you choose relevant sources and limit your note taking. Form a preliminary bibliography. Evaluate potential sources of information, select articles, and books that are relevant to your topic and up-to-date and make a list of potential sources. Create a tentative outline that will help you organize your research and make your writing process logical. Your working outline should include an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Start taking notes related to the topics or subtopics on your tentative outline. Write notes in your own words or paraphrase the content. If you borrow any ideas or quotes, you should document them accurately to avoid plagiarism. Organize the notes you have taken according to your outline. Make the final outline for your research paper which is more complex because each topic in it should be divided into several subtopics. Write the first draft. Keep in mind that this rough draft will be revised later so there is no need to pay much attention to spelling or punctuation. Instead, you should care about the quality of content and organize your ideas according to your outline. Revise and edit your rough draft and outline. Reread your draft several times and check the content, the flow, and the logic. Check the facts and figures in your paper. Revise your outline if necessary and rearrange your ideas to follow your new outline. Eliminate vocabulary, spelling or grammar mistakes if there are any. Make sure all your citations are accurate and that you have no plagiarism in your research paper. Prepare the final draft of your research paper that should be typed and include a bibliography page. Sometimes. Your research paper might require a title page â€"it depends on the formatting style and your professor’s requirements. Proofread your research paper once more before submitting it. One of the key aspects of any research paper is to make a strong first impression on your reader so you should do your best to write a good introduction with a clear and concise thesis statement/hypothesis. Follow These Steps in Writing an Introduction to a Research Paper An introduction is the first paragraph of any research paper where you should capture the reader’s interest, give background information on the topic of the paper, summarize the main points of your paper, and state the thesis. The length of any introduction depends on the length of the project and its complexity, but usually, it should not exceed a page. The introduction should be concise and well-structured. Here are the key steps in writing an introduction to a research paper that will explain the importance of your paper and motivate your reader to read further. Give concise background information about your research problem Define the objectives of your research Explain the significance of your study Give a brief literature review on your topic State your research question and the hypothesis Define key terms and abbreviations Outline the structure of your research paper Writing a good research paper may be tricky as it is a long process that requires much time and effort and strong analytical and research skills. Lots of students consider this time-consuming task daunting and may face problems at any stage of the writing process, for example, when writing a research paper outline or writing a conclusion for a research paper. We hope that our research paper writing tips will help you overcome these difficulties, but, if for any reason, you cannot cope with writing a research paper on your own, you can always rely on the high professionalism of the experienced writers from our custom paper writing service. Just ask, and they will provide you with a well-written model research paper on your topic that will be perfect in content and style.

10 Steps to Writing a Research Paper

10 Steps to Writing a Research Paper Guidelines for Writing a Research Paper Research papers are common assignments in colleges and universities but many students feel at a loss when they have to complete this complicated written project, and some of them even might be wondering how to choose a topic or how to start writing a research paper. Of course, this assignment is time-consuming and requires hard work but any process can be easier if we divide it into several logical steps. In this article, we are going to outline the essential steps in writing a research paper that can help you learn to write an ‘A’ research paper someday if you have a positive attitude and a strong desire to achieve your goal. So here they are 10 steps to writing a research paper that you should follow in your writing. The first step in writing a research paper is choosing a good topic. Select a topic that interests and challenges you and you will enjoy doing research and writing about it. Make sure you can find enough credible sources on your subject. Avoid topics that are controversial or sensational, too technical or specialized. Narrow your topic, keeping in mind the length of your research paper, and focus on a limited aspect of your broad topic. State your thesis and describe the viewpoint that you are going to support in your paper. This step will help you choose relevant sources and limit your note taking. Form a preliminary bibliography. Evaluate potential sources of information, select articles, and books that are relevant to your topic and up-to-date and make a list of potential sources. Create a tentative outline that will help you organize your research and make your writing process logical. Your working outline should include an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Start taking notes related to the topics or subtopics on your tentative outline. Write notes in your own words or paraphrase the content. If you borrow any ideas or quotes, you should document them accurately to avoid plagiarism. Organize the notes you have taken according to your outline. Make the final outline for your research paper which is more complex because each topic in it should be divided into several subtopics. Write the first draft. Keep in mind that this rough draft will be revised later so there is no need to pay much attention to spelling or punctuation. Instead, you should care about the quality of content and organize your ideas according to your outline. Revise and edit your rough draft and outline. Reread your draft several times and check the content, the flow, and the logic. Check the facts and figures in your paper. Revise your outline if necessary and rearrange your ideas to follow your new outline. Eliminate vocabulary, spelling or grammar mistakes if there are any. Make sure all your citations are accurate and that you have no plagiarism in your research paper. Prepare the final draft of your research paper that should be typed and include a bibliography page. Sometimes. Your research paper might require a title page â€"it depends on the formatting style and your professor’s requirements. Proofread your research paper once more before submitting it. One of the key aspects of any research paper is to make a strong first impression on your reader so you should do your best to write a good introduction with a clear and concise thesis statement/hypothesis. Follow These Steps in Writing an Introduction to a Research Paper An introduction is the first paragraph of any research paper where you should capture the reader’s interest, give background information on the topic of the paper, summarize the main points of your paper, and state the thesis. The length of any introduction depends on the length of the project and its complexity, but usually, it should not exceed a page. The introduction should be concise and well-structured. Here are the key steps in writing an introduction to a research paper that will explain the importance of your paper and motivate your reader to read further. Give concise background information about your research problem Define the objectives of your research Explain the significance of your study Give a brief literature review on your topic State your research question and the hypothesis Define key terms and abbreviations Outline the structure of your research paper Writing a good research paper may be tricky as it is a long process that requires much time and effort and strong analytical and research skills. Lots of students consider this time-consuming task daunting and may face problems at any stage of the writing process, for example, when writing a research paper outline or writing a conclusion for a research paper. We hope that our research paper writing tips will help you overcome these difficulties, but, if for any reason, you cannot cope with writing a research paper on your own, you can always rely on the high professionalism of the experienced writers from our custom paper writing service. Just ask, and they will provide you with a well-written model research paper on your topic that will be perfect in content and style.

Setting Up An Effective Classroom Environment - 1742 Words

Setting up an effective classroom environment is essential in order to be a successful teacher. Good classroom management requires careful planning of the classroom organization, rules, procedures, and instruction. Without these, classrooms would not run smoothly and efficiently. It is not enough to assume that students will behave appropriately throughout the year just because the teacher has taught the students what is expected of them. Good teachers encourage good behavior by constantly implementing classroom rules, procedures, and consequences. My management plan for my classroom would incorporate an interactive chart where students who are on track and exhibiting appropriate behavior will be assigned a specific color. This plan involves four different color squares and depending on the students’ behavior, they would be asked to flip the card to a certain color. This plan includes the color purple, green, yellow, and red; purple being the best then green. Yellow indicates that you are not on track and red means you are completely off task. Each day the students’ cards would all be on green. As the day progresses they will be given the opportunity to flip their card to purple depending on their behavior. For example, if a student is on track and is following instructions, they would be asked to change their color to purple, the highest color on the chart. Sometimes when students are asked to flip their card to purple, they would be given a small purple cone as well toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Online Learning and Traditional Classroom Instructions1022 Words   |  5 Pagesconvenient but also more effective than traditional classroom instructions. Advocates of online learning argued that it is both convenient and effective because the students can attend classes and courses whenever and wherever they want, which allows them to easily plan out a schedule that would work for them, to suit their own way of learning style. However, proponents of traditional classroom instructions think otherwise. They explain that traditional classroom settings would allow students toRead MoreAed 200 Classroom Mgmt Paper1027 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment: Classroom Management Paper June 6, 2010 Aaronita J Morgan AED/200 Instructor: Junett Johnston The principles of behaviorism can be useful in facilitating learning within the classroom. Behaviorism offers a particular perspective on how learning occurs and how teaching impacts that process. B.F. Skinner argued that, â€Å"A behavior is more likely to reoccur if it has been reinforced or rewarded. Thus reinforcement can be used to strengthen existing behaviors, asRead MoreIs Inclusion Best For All Students?1352 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper Is Inclusion Best For All Students? Over the years, there has been a continuous debate over how effective inclusion classes really are for students in school. The whole idea of inclusion classes is to place students in the kind of environment where they can work with other peers who do not need special education and in a sense, not be secluded to just one classroom setting. There are those who feel that students who are in inclusion classes perform better academically and then thereRead MoreClassroom Management For Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders1332 Words   |  6 Pagesteachers is managing their classroom effectively with both management and structure. Creating Classroom Rules for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: A Decision-Making Guide ( Kostewicz, Ruhl, Kubina, 2008) described classroom management strategies as well as provided six step-by-step clear rule decision making questions. Emotional and Behavioral Disorder (EDB) students have a reputation when entering a classroom creating a significant challenge for classroom teachers. Throughout theRead MoreThe Foundation For Management A Classroom1580 Words   |  7 Pagesmanagement a classroom begins creating a classroom management plan. Comprehending how to properly manage a classroom begin with understanding the rationale of having a plan. Contrast to what some people may think class management is not merely a method to have control of the environment. As stated by Newman (2013) classroom management objective is to have an effective means to generate the environments that enable learning, regardless of the students’ age. In order to achieve this feat a classroom managementRead MoreThe Importance of Classroom Design in Communication1169 Words   |  5 Pageswe behave in certain settings. From a young age, we are taught to behave according to certain social standards, and one of the primary methods with which we display these behaviours is through communication. From birth, humans must learn to communicate to get what they want and express their emotions. Although a lot of basic communication skills are taught at home, further development is taught at school to ensure certain standards are met so that young children will grow up to successfully fit inRead MoreAn Effective Teacher Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesa child’s life is a huge privilege. There are many key attributes to being an effective teacher but for me some of the key attributes are effective communication and establishing good relationships, guide children’s behaviour, setting up a good environment for learning and being well organised. They are many other factors that also need to be considered not to become just a good teacher but a great teacher. Effective communication is one key element to being an efficient teacher. CommunicationRead MoreMy Family, By Janet Gonzalez Mena1201 Words   |  5 PagesConflicts may arise in the setting quite frequently, so it is imperative for early educators and caregivers to understand how to deal with them when they arise. In our textbook, Diversity in Early Care and Education, written by Janet Gonzalez-Mena, she describes the process RERUN (Reflect Explain Reason Understand Negotiate) as an effective means to solve conflict (Gonzalez-Mena, 2008, p. 58). The RERUN process can be extremely effective, because it allows for the families and the teachers to reachRead MoreCooperative Learning : A Successful Instructional Strategy1663 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction There are multiple strategies and theories in the education world that allow for student success and growth. One strategy that some teachers use to promote effective classroom management is a strategy called cooperative learning. Cooperative learning is a successful instructional strategy that allows student learning and positive social-behavior skills to foster based on small group work where each group member’s success is dependent on one another. Cooperative learning is an efficientRead MoreOnline Education And Face With Face Education Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesThe lack of classroom infrastructure in the universities to accommodate high enrollment and more students in the campus (e) Learning at a pace that is appropriate to the students skillset and (f) freedom for those who are overwhelmed or feel stressful in the classroom environment. This increasing popularity often translates to another question: Can online education replace face to face education, in the coming years? My position on this, is that the face to face learning is more effective, highly impactful

Personal Statement Computer Science - 781 Words

Personal Statement I have always been deeply fascinated with computer technology. When I was growing, computers were not highly prevalent in Saudi Arabia; furthermore, the first computer I had did not even have access to the Internet. However, I was born in an age that enabled me to fully appreciate the increasing complexity of technological innovation, allowing my skills and knowledge to grow with these advancements. Following my fascination with technology, I studied computer science as an undergraduate student at Taibah University and was awarded my bachelor’s degree in 2007 with 4.92 GPA. It was there that I was able to gain basic knowledge of computer science, in a way which allowed me to better understand the intricacies of computer engineering. Furthermore, during this time I became highly interested in computer security due to the prevalence of viruses and malware leading to compromise privacy on the Internet. In addition, I was interested in determining how companies such as Face book and Twitter could reasonably use personal data without causing a breach of legality. I am currently employed by Taibah University, as teaching assistant, which granted me a scholarship enabling the completion of my education. On that account, by the end of this year I will be awarded with a master’s degree from the University of Manchester. I have completed the first and second semesters with distinction level (average 71.5%). Whilst I was able to learn a wealth ofShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement On Computer Science2037 Words   |  9 PagesComing into this school year I was nervous that I may have chosen the wrong major. Prior to computer science one, I had very little programming knowledge but I knew for sure I wanted to be some type of engineer because I wanted to build things that would make the world a better place. In high school, I took many Project Lead the Way courses through RIT but I mainly focused on the mechanical engineering ones. Thus, I was put onto a mechanical engineering path until I met my first software engineerRead MoreMy Personal Statement On Computer Science1458 Words   |  6 Pagestrait that I can rest most of my future education too. I am keen to learn more in the field of Computer Science to further my career once I am geared with an extensive and wholesome knowledge base. After nearly 4 years working in this field, I have realized just how vast and pervasive its scope is, something I find exhilarating and motivating in light of the fact that I didn’t focus on Computer Science in my undergraduate career. I hope to learn more about the practical applications in this fieldRead MoreMy Personal Statement On Computer Science1398 Words   |  6 PagesChange your life from making a living to making a difference. This statement has always been my inspiration in life. My a im in life is to contribute something to the world in the most significant way so that I make a difference to people’s lives. For this purpose, I feel merely obtaining an undergraduate degree will not be sufficient to thrive. A Master’s degree in Computer Science from State University of New York at Buffalo will provide enough opportunities to add to my intellectual knowledge andRead MorePersonal Statement for ICT Specialist in Computer Science Essay example558 Words   |  3 PagesI first discovered my passion for computers in 1999, when we bought our first household PC. I remember sitting down on occasions waiting for Windows 98 to boot up and the dialup modem to connect to the internet. Although this almost now seems primitive, that technology caused my enthusiasm to understand the inside workings of computers to spark. Since then, I have striven to broaden my knowledge and skills in this area in any way possible. The world of technology has always intrigued me, from theRead MoreThe Field Of Computer Science Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesIn the field of computer science, there are—which can be surprising to most—multiple occupations that involve more than just sitting in front of a computer and writing intricate codes. A systems analyst, for example, requires an individual to participate in an active team environment. Systems analysts work closely with many professionals such as programmers and hardware specialists to develop systems that can solve various kinds of problems. Additionally, a systems analyst is essential to numerousRead MoreApplying A Graduate School Is Looking Into What Interest You At Each School925 Words   |  4 Pagesrequirements that include, but not limited to, grade points average (GPA), graduate record examinations (GRE), Personal Statement, and transcripts. Moreover, it also provides information in regards of the intangibles of each program such as cos ts, location, and funding like assistanceships and scholarships. The first graduate program that interests me is a master of science in health science that is offered by West Virginia University, which is located in Morgantown, West Virginia. They require transcriptsRead MoreStudent s Worthiness For Receive Financial Aid From A University846 Words   |  4 PagesWhen evaluating a student’s worthiness to receive financial aid from a university, it makes sense that personal accomplishments, experiences and life circumstances are taken into consideration. Being a first year student, I think it is important to differentiate myself from other students applying for aid. In the following personal statement I will attempt to convince you that I have maximized my freshman year and continue to excel in the next coming years. The first way I can differentiate myselfRead MoreEssay on Statement of Purpose for MS in Computer Science640 Words   |  3 PagesPersonal Statement MS in Computer Science, University of Illinois Being naturally intrigued about Computers, I pursued my undergraduate studies in Computer Science and Engineering at College of Engineering Trivandrum, University of Kerala, India. I intend to do my higher education in Computer Science and would like to get enrolled into the Masters Program at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign starting Fall ‘14. My Interest in science started in early childhood. I was fascinated byRead MoreWound Healing Activity of Fire Tree (Delonix regia) Leaf Extract in Albino Mice1600 Words   |  7 PagesSCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECTS FROM MUNTINLUPA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL :) 2012 DepEd Regional Science Fair Winners from Muntinlupa National High School Science Investigatory Project Competition SIP Title: Wound Healing Activity of Fire Tree  (Delonix regia) Leaf Extract in Albino  Mice   Researcher: Ian Oliver Moscardo Co-researchers:  Berroya Bradly Jay; Corral, Nathaniel D.; Gerardo, Nicholi C.; Rances, Jason P. Research Adviser: Mrs. Ma. Regaele A. Olarte ***4th   PLACE*** Cluster 2 Life ScienceRead MoreStatement of Purpose Before letting know my intentions to pursue a Master’s Degree in Computer700 Words   |  3 PagesStatement of Purpose Before letting know my intentions to pursue a Master’s Degree in Computer Science, I would like to throw some light on my childhood and the things that triggered me to choose Computer Science as my career. I was astonished when my science teacher told me about the Super Computers and their powerful usage in Space Administration as I was curious in knowing how typical tasks like launching a satellite were accomplished such easily. Throughout my childhood I have been fascinated

Essay Richard Nixon - 1491 Words

Richard Nixon Born in 1913 in Yorba Linda, California, Richard Milhouse Nixon was raised in a Quaker home with his four brothers, mother and father. His family led a docile life by abstaining from all dancing, swearing, drinking and other common Quaker practices (Barron 12). Financially, the family struggled and he could not afford to attend Harvard University even with a full-ride scholarship. Instead, Nixon enrolled at Whittier College, a popular Quaker college close to home (Barron 39). Nixon began dominating all of his academics and it was at Whittier where he began to shape his future political career. Nixon began his studies at Whittier College in 1930 and managed to keep an active schedule. Between football practice, drama†¦show more content†¦That was also the year his first daughter Tricia was born. Two years later he won a seat in the Senate and his wife Pat gave birth to their second daughter, Julie. Nixon was now on his way to becoming Vice-President of the United States and his political career was taking off. At just 39 years old, Richard Nixon became Vice-President under the Eisenhower administration in 1953 (Gellman 413). He was almost removed from Eisenhower’s campaign due to allegations of a slush fund he started to help pay for campaigning expenses (Drew 122). He ended up saving his candidacy by going on national television and appealing the mass viewers. One event he is most famous for during his Vice-Presidency is the â€Å"kitchen debate† with Khrushchev at the United States exhibition in Moscow (Small 47). This particular debate argued capitalism verses communism and it just so happened to take place in a kitchen (Small 49). He was the first American official to address the Soviets in a live television broadcast. Over the next eight years, Nixon continued to elevate the office of vice president to a new level. With his youthful and vigorous attitude, he made sure he would be the most active vice president in any previous administration. In 1960 Nixon went up against John F. Kennedy, was narrowly defeated and lost the 1961 presidency. He argued that the U.S. media was to blameShow MoreRelatedRichard Nixon : The Silent1491 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Nixon was a president that dealt with many problems while he was in office, such as Vietnam, China, and civil rights. Nixon was a great politician and appeared to want the best for America. In Nixon s silent majority speech he wanted to end the war in vietnam while sparing the â€Å"democratic† citizens in southern Vietnam, but for him to do this he needed to bargain with the citizens of America and the leaders of the western world in order to accomplish his goals without too many problems, suchRead MorePardon of Richard Nixon1193 Words   |  5 PagesControversial Pardon of Richard Nixon HIST102 American History Since 1877 Instructor: 22 February 2014 Former President Richard Nixon is most well-known for his role in the Watergate crisis in the early 1970’s. The Watergate crisis started in June of 1972, when the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters was broke into by members of Nixon’s re-election committee. The press took this breaking news and began to dig deeper into what the Whitehouse (President Nixon) was hiding. Over theRead MoreThe Legacy Of Richard Nixon1104 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Nixon, though created a large credibility gap within the US, he accomplished a lot for the country. He served five years in the presidential office as a republican (1969-1974), and he was the only president to resign from office in history. Although through his presidency he had accomplished many things, such as creating revenue sharing, ending the draft, and creating anticrime laws, he still had a rough time rebuilding his reputation after many assumptions of corruption in his office. ThoughRead MoreThe Presiden cy Of Richard Nixon1856 Words   |  8 Pagesthe 1970s, under President Richard Nixon, the people felt the first serious inflation since after World War II. Also under Nixon, a scandal of political sabotage caused fear and mistrust towards the government. The crises in the 1970s represented the first time in American history when the public perceived their government had fail them and it did through mistrust in the government, foreign crises, and a strong decline in the economy. Under the presidency of Richard Nixon, a wide-spread of fear withinRead MoreRichard Nixon Essay628 Words   |  3 PagesRichard Nixon History will inevitably forgive Richard Nixon. Despite his obvious unlawful mistakes, he made a good president. Until 1968, most Americans saw Richard Nixon as a political has-been, a dour pre-McCarthy hunter of Communists. In 1968, however, Nixon won the Presidency by presenting himself as a healer of divisions. He demonstrated that he had greater ability to reinvent himself than any other modern politician. More than any other figure between the death of Franklin D. RooseveltRead MorePresident Nixon : President Richard Nixon Essay1878 Words   |  8 Pagesbe the downfall of President Richard Nixon. Nixon had a significant amount of experience in government before becoming president, which ultimately influenced how domestic policy, economic policy, and foreign policy was shaped during his tenure. I. EXPERIENCE BEFORE THE PRESIDENCY: As documented by the Miller Center, Richard Nixon’s start in national politics began in the late 40s with his successful campaign for the House of Representatives in California (Richard Nixon: Life Before the Presidency)Read More Richard Nixon Essay2727 Words   |  11 PagesRichard Nixon The President of the United States is often considered the most powerful elected official in the world. The President leads a nation of great wealth and military strength. Presidents have often provided decisive leadership in times of crisis, and they have shaped many important events in history. The President has many roles and performs many duties. As chief executive, the President makes sure that federal laws are enforced. As commander in chief of the nations armed forcesRead MoreNixon Vs. President Richard M. Nixon1304 Words   |  6 PagesTrace Haven Mrs. Molzahn American Literature May 17, 2017 Nixon vs. People   Ã‚  Ã‚   President Richard M. Nixon once said, â€Å" I can see clearly now†¦ that I was wrong in not acting more decisively and more forthrightly in dealing with Watergate† (Watergate Quotes). The Watergate scandal began when five men attempted to break into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate Complex. The government had to create an act in order to have the right to view all surveillance footageRead More Richard Nixon and the Election of 19691107 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Nixon and the Election of 1969   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Richard Nixon, was born on January 9th, 1913, in Yorba Linda, California. Fifty-six years after he was born he became the 37th president of the United States. In the election Nixon only defeated the democratic candidate, Hubert Humphrey, by about 500,000 in the popular vote. Nixon is considered one of the most controversial politicians of the twentieth century. He used his political experience, his background, the communist scare of the late fortiesRead MoreEssay about Richard Nixon1343 Words   |  6 PagesLARSEN//PD7 RICHARD NIXON 11/26 Richard Nixon; the name alone brings to mind terrible words along the lines of scandal and failure. Nixon was the 37th president of the United States. He was also the first and last president to resign from office. However, the scandals leading to Nixon’s resignation definitely overshadowed his humble beginnings and the accomplishments he made as president during the notorious decades of the Cold War. Richard Milhous Nixon was born to Francis and Hannah Nixon on January

Jane Eyre Charcater Study Essay Example For Students

Jane Eyre Charcater Study Essay Jane Eyre is a story of a girl who, after enduring many hardships in life, finally finds true love and her own bit of happiness. It chronicles her life from the age of ten. After staying with abusive relatives she is sent to a boarding school run by a stingy, cold-hearted old man named Mr. Brocklehurst. Her best friend there, Helen Burns dies when the school is hit by a fever epidemic.Guided by a kindly teacher, Miss Temple, Jane stays at the school to teach. When she is eighteen she seeks another job teaching a young French girl named Adele at Thornfield Hall. During her stay at Thornfield, Jane falls in love with Adeles almost-forty guardian Mr.Rochester. She agrees to marry him, but on the day of the wedding Jane discovers a terrible secret. Mr.Rochester is married to an insane woman who lives on the third floor of his house. Jane leaves, angry and heartbroken. After many trials and tribulations, they find each other again and marry. Throughout the story many people touched Jane Eyre’s life. In this essay I will discuss three of those characters. Bessie, who I loved, Mr.Brocklehurst, who I greatly disliked, and Helen Burns who I would love to be friends with. We will write a custom essay on Jane Eyre Charcater Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After thinking for awhile about which character I liked the best I finally came up with Bessie the nurse at Gateshead. Although Bessie was a minor character at the beginning of the book she is still my favorite. This is for a number of reasons. For starters, although my first impression of her was that she was cruel and uncaring that quickly changed when she began to show kindness to Jane. Bessie was the first character in the book that cared about Jane. Even though she scolded Jane, one could tell she wasnt meaning to be cold or evil. At the end of chapter four right before Jane leaves to go to school, she and Bessie have a conversation that proves that they care for each other. To quote evidence of this, in one paragraph Bessie says I dont dislike you, miss; I believe I am fonder of you than of all the others. She also goes on to say I dare say now if I were to ask you for a kiss you wouldnt give it to me: youd say youd rather not. To which Jane replies Ill kiss you and welcome Her and Jane had formed a definite bond. One so strong that eight years later when Jane prepares to leave Lowood Institution to go teach Adele, Bessie visits her. She brings her children to show Jane. Later over coffee they discuss the last eight years. Also when John Reed died Bessie treated Jane as an old friend with warmth and acceptance. In my opinion Bessie made a deep impact on Janes life because kindness, no matter her small and seemingly insignificant, is always greatly appreciated. Im sure that Jane greatly appreciated having Bessie as part of her life when there were so many who abused her mentally and physically. Mr.Brocklehurst was a man one could really learn to despise. He seemed to think he was better then everyone else and shunned those he felt were below him. The way he ran the institution was, in my opinion, disgraceful. The girls there had barely enough food and insufficient clothing and he didnt even care. He seemed extremely self-righteous. He acted like everything he said came straight from God. Not to mention he was all well and pleasant in front of Janes aunt but to Jane he was a total monster. The way he disgraced her in front of the entire school was unjust and unnecessary. He actually tried to encourage the other girls to hate her by saying, if necessary, avoid her company, exclude her from your sports, and shut her out from your converse. He also made her seem like the most horrible and wretched little girl in the world by saying things like worse then many a little heathen and you must be on your guard against her. Not to mention he just stopped coming altogether when the sc hool was hit by the fever. However good that might have been for Jane and the others it was still heartless. I could not understand how he could even think that he was better then anyone else and call himself a man of god with the way he acted. Mr. Brocklehurst was one person in Janes life that I am sure she was happy to be rid of. .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5 , .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5 .postImageUrl , .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5 , .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5:hover , .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5:visited , .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5:active { border:0!important; } .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5:active , .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5 .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubb41a7da363c74e308c90842fcc890a5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dolly Madison EssayAs for who I would most like to be friends with, I would have to say, Helen Burns. After considering many people such as the charming Mr.Rochester, or the energetic Adele, or peaceful, just, and good-natured Miss Temple, I still came up with Helen. The reason for this is simple. Helen Burns was loyal. She stuck by Jane even when no one else would. She came to Jane after Jane had been publicly humiliated and labeled a liar. She was Janes friend to the very end. She was compassionate and sympathetic. She was always there for Jane and never let Jane feel sorry for herself. It is my opinion that Jane would not have survived the institution without such a tru e friend as Helen Burns. Many people touched Jane Eyre’s life. This paper only spoke of a few, but those few made a very large impact. Without Bessie, Jane never would have learned to control her temper, and that it is better not to agitate people. She never would have been able to look at herself in such a way as to notice her good and bad points and to know what should be changed. Without Mr.Brocklehurst she wouldnt have learned such phenomenal emotional strength. And without Helen she never would have learned that she was worthwhile and deserving of a friend. She never would have built her self-esteem. Without these people Jane Eyre wouldnt have been the same person. They made an impact on her and on the reader, especially this reader. To me the book would never have been as interesting without them.

“M3 Compare and Contrast the Personal Selling Skills and Processes Used in Two Different Selling Situations” Essay Example

â€Å"M3: Compare and Contrast the Personal Selling Skills and Processes Used in Two Different Selling Situations† Essay Compare and contrast the personal selling skills and processes used in two different selling situations† Introduction: In this task I am going to compare and contrast the personal selling skills and processes used in the two different situations. One situation is over the phone and the other one is face to face communication. Comparison: In both situations the seller over the phone and the person speaking face to face have to greet the customers because they want to tell the customers that they are welcome to talk to them. This also creates a good impression to the customers because then they feel more welcome. You need to have good listening skills because when you ask a customer how can they help you and when he/she tells you the problem then you need to listen carefully to be able to help them out. Otherwise if you do not do that then you might show the customer wrong product and they will might go to your competitors or if you are speaking over the phone then you might give the wrong details to the customer, which can waste your time and also the customer’s time. For example if a customer wants to buy a laptop and he/she tell you what kind of laptop they want. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"M3: Compare and Contrast the Personal Selling Skills and Processes Used in Two Different Selling Situations† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"M3: Compare and Contrast the Personal Selling Skills and Processes Used in Two Different Selling Situations† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"M3: Compare and Contrast the Personal Selling Skills and Processes Used in Two Different Selling Situations† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Then you should be able to tell him/her what kind of laptops they have on offer and what features it has, which the customer is looking for. You also need to be able to have good speaking skills so the customers can understand you and so the customer knows they are talking to someone professional. You need to use the words which will attract customers’ interest to the product or the service which you are selling. Throughout the conversation you need to have positive attitude towards the customer even if they do not like any products or services which you have told customer about. You have to reply back to the customer when they are talking to you to show them that you are listening to them and also ask questions if you have any because then it show the customer you are interested in what they are saying. In both situations you can use these eight steps: 1. Planning and preparing to sell: This is important because you need to know your target customers and how you are going to approach them. You also need to prepare to sell because you need to know how to sell the product to the customer by gaining knowledge about the product. All organisations have effective strategy for sales. In order for them to know who their customers are and how they intend to sell them the products. They train their staffs on how they need to use the information to achieve the sales target. The selling method and sales situations will vary; the key factor for success is good preparation. It is important for sales people to prepare themselves before selling any product because if they want the customers to buy something from them then they will have to give them a good customer service. By this it will increase the reputation of the business and it will also increase the profit. They will also get more customers every time. This can only happen if the sales people are given training about the product knowledge. For example if a customer come up to you, asking about a product which is currently out of stock. Then you should be able to show the customer another similar product or if the customer really wants that product then you could tell them that they could reserve it for you at another branch which is near to the customer so they can just go and purchase that item. You need to have planned how you are going to handle customers when the product which they need is out of stock, or when the customer does not like the product you show them. You also need to kwon how you are going to make sales. 2. Meeting and greeting the customer: You should know how to approach potential customers because first impressions are very important in a business as it gives a image of the business away. You should have a smile on your face to show the customer that you are approachable to ask for help. You should also be using a good body language which should be pleasant and also should be professional. Making the customer welcome will give them comfort in purchasing what you have to offer to them. For example, you always need to have an idea of what you want to say to your customer such as first of all your are going to say hello and then say something such as â€Å"How are you†. You should always make an eye contact with the customer to make the customer feel that they are their number one priority. This makes the customer always want to talk to you. 3. Developing a relationship/attracting interest: The most important thing you can do is to say something to the customer which will create an interest into that customer’s mind because you want them to talk back with interest. The best approach is to involve the Products they might be interested in or tell them something which they might not already know about the product to attract the customer more to the product, new developments, etc. This makes the customer’s come back to the store and also they might tell other people about your products and your prices. For example, if a customer is looking for a HD TV you should be able to show them which ones you got on offer and you should be able to attract their interest each time you show them another TV by telling them something which do not know about that product. 4. Identifying the customer’s needs: This is important for every business because if you identify customer needs then you will make more sales and increase profit. This ability enables the sales person to stay ahead of the game so that they can use their ability to identify customer needs when they are talking to customer. Customer service will need to effectively handle customer requests, receive orders and identify and resolve the problems, and for businesses, as it is really important to look after these points, to provide high quality customer service which meets the customers’ needs. If an organisation wants to be successful then that organisation needs to be able to fulfill its customer needs and also meet their expectations. For example when you are talking to the customer you should be able to tell what that customers needs are and should be able to provide them that. 5. Presenting, demonstrating and providing information: As the sales person would know the most recent products and services being offered, know what the latest trends are and what the competition are offering. They should be able to give demonstration of an latest product to the customer which they think the customer will be interested in and for the sales person to do that they need to have good presentation skills. They should also be able to provide the customer with the information for that product. When a customer asks you questions never answer those questions with a simple Yes or No. you need to be prepared to ask questions of your own. For example, the question about delivery could be answered with, When do you need it? You could answer the question about the latest model with something like, Would you like the latest model or would you be interested in something else if we could save you some money? If you choose your return questions carefully, then it can help lead to closing a sale and could make a sale like this. For example if a customer was looking for something which was out of stock then employee might recommend them another product which they think will be best for the customer and they are also going to like it. They should also be able to present that product by demonstrating and providing the customer with details of that product. 6. Responding to objections: You will always be given a different situation in which a customer has objections to a product which you are offering them for sale such as the customer might not be satisfied with the price or the quality of the product because customers’ need product, in the quantity required, at the time they choose and at a competitive price. For example if a customer is looking for an Amplifier and you show them an Amplifier which you think they might like but they do not like it. Then you should be able to show another product which the customer wants but to be able to show the right product to the customer the second time. You need to ask them more questions about the product to give them a good customer service. 7. Closing sales: Once you observe buying signals, stop selling and close the sale. Customers like to have choices. You can use this to your advantage by saying, Which of these choices would you like? With this close, you are likely to make a sale of one kind or another. Even if you are selling a single product, you can still offer choices of color, delivery or terms, for instance. When you have finished your sales pitch, ask if the customer has any additional questions. For example if you are trying to close sales then ask the customer if he/she would like to make a purchase. This is the most simple and straightforward way of closing. Also close it by alternate choice such as, Would you like it in blue or grey? put the customer in a situation where they are not given the option to refuse the sale but never force to sell something which customer does not like. If they answer with either of the options youve given them, then youve made the sale. close the sale by attaching accessory products or services to purchase the product they are interested in. Let me get you accessory to purchase the product. If they accept the accessory, then youve made a sale. 8. Following up the sale: Once the sale itself is completed you should be able to follow that sale up later on. They might call up few customers to find out if they are satisfied with the product or not. If a businesses orgainsation gives a good customer service to its customers then they might tell their friends and family about the customer service. They might go to it because they heard that they had good customer service. If the employees give negative effects of poor communication skills to its internal customers then they might not be happy and might not go back to that organisation again. For example the previous customers might also leave a positive feedback on their website and it they was not satisfied with the product then they will leave a negative feedback and the other customers might have wrote down same thing for the same product which can affect the reputation of the business. Differences: The difference between both situations is that through phone you cannot see the person and you also cannot see other person’s body language to help you to tell what they are trying to say. Whereas when you use face to face communication you can tell what the customer is saying and you can also you the body language to help you out. Therefore over the phone you need to listen to the customer carefully to give them a satisfied service. Over the phone you have to give specific description of the goods and services because the customers cannot see the items or the services and if the customer does not like the items or services which you showed. Then you have to tell the customer about other items or services which they have and they also have to give specific description for it. This can take up to hours to make one sale but whereas if you use face to face communication it is fast and easy way to make sales. You can also show the customers the items or the services, which makes it easier for the sales personal to make sales. You need more knowledge through the phone than face to face communication. When you are talking to customers face to face you have to be professional and make eye contact which shows the customers that you are listening and are interested in what they are saying. It also helps to develop a good relationship with the customers by which it will be also gain the customers trust on organisation. Whereas over the phone you do not have use this because you cannot see the customer or the customer cannot see you. Over the phone you need to take personal details because it is getting delivered to them whereas through face communication you do not need to take any personal details unless if they are buying something like mobile phone on contract, or they might purchase an item which the customers wants it to be delivered to their house etc. Summary: There are lots of similarities and differences which are good and bad between both communications. The eight steps which help you to prepare to make sales to the customers are planning and preparing to sell, meeting and greeting the customer, Developing a relationship/ attracting interest, Identifying the customer’s needs, Presenting, demonstrating and providing information, Responding to objections, closing sales and following up the sale. These eight steps help to make satisfied sales.

Tennessee Vital Records - Births, Deaths Marriages

Tennessee Vital Records - Births, Deaths Marriages Learn how and where to obtain birth, marriage, and death certificates and records in Tennessee, including the dates for which Tennessee vital records are available, where they are located, and links to online Tennessee state vital records databases. Tennessee Vital Records1st Floor, Central Services Building421 5th Avenue, NorthNashville, TN 37243Phone: 615-741-1763 What You Need to Know:Check or money order should be made payable to Tennessee Vital Records. Personal checks are accepted. Call or visit the Web site to verify current fees. A photocopy of a valid government issued form of identification which includes the requestor’s signature, usually a driver’s license, must accompany requests for birth and death records. Web site: Tennessee Office of Vital Records   Tennessee Birth Records: Dates: From 1908 Cost of copy: $15.00 long form; $8.00 short form Comments: Tennessee birth records less than 100-years-old are only available to the individual named on the certificate, or their spouse, parent, legal guardian or child. However, verification of information from the records (a transcription of all available information)  can be provided to any requester with a Verification of Birth Facts request. Birth records are available from the State Office beginning with January 1914 births. Records of births from 1908-1912 were kept by the County Clerk in the county where the birth occurred and are also available at the Tennessee State Archives. Records of some births that occurred in the major cities (Nashville since June 1881, Knoxville since July 1881 and Chattanooga since January 1882) are also available. Although the short form is cheaper, the long form (a photocopy of the original record) is much better for genealogical purposes!Application for Tennessee Birth Certificate * Memphis birth records from April 1874 - December 1887 and November 1898 - January 1, 1914 are available from the Memphis Shelby County Health Department. Online:Index to Davidson County Birth Records, 1908–1912Index to Nashville Birth Records, 1881–1913Index to Shelby County Birth Records, 1874–1906   Tennessee Death Records: Dates: From 1908 Cost of copy: $7.00 Comments: Tennessee death records less than 50-years-old are only available to the individual named on the certificate, or their spouse, parent, legal guardian or child. However, verification of information from the records can be provided to any requester with a Verification of Death Facts request. This is  transcription of all available information from the death record, excluding cause of death.   The State office has had death records for the entire State since January 1914, for Nashville since July 1874, for Knoxville since July 1887 and for Chattanooga since March 6, 1872. Death records are available from the State Vital Records Office for the past 50 years. Older death records can be requested through the Tennessee State Archives. Although the short form is cheaper, the long form (a photocopy of the original record) is much better for genealogical purposes!Application for Tennessee Death Certificate Online:Index to Tennessee Death Records: 1908-1912Statewide Index to Tennessee Death Records, 1914–1933)Index to Davidson County Death Records, 1900–1913Tennessee, Death Records, 1914-1955 (index images)   Tennessee Marriage Records: Dates: From 1861* Cost of copy: $15.00 (state) Comments: Tennessee marriage records less than 50-years-old are only available to the individuals named on the certificate, or their spouse, parent, legal guardian or child. However, verification of information from the records (a transcription of all available information) can be provided to any requester with a Verification of Marriage Facts request. The State office has marriage records for the entire State for the past 50 years. Older records are held by the Tennessee State Archives.Application for Tennessee Marriage Certificate * For Memphis birth records from April 1874 - December 1887 and November 1898 - January 1, 1914, and for Memphis death records from May 1848 to January 1, 1914, write to Memphis-Shelby County Health Department, Division of Vital Records, Memphis, TN 38105. A list of Tennessee marriages before 1861 has been published in six volumes. Copies of entries for a surname can be provided upon request for a small fee from the Tennessee State Archives. Online:Tennessee County Marriages, 1790-1950 (index images)Nashville and Davidson County Marriage Records 1788–1839 (index)Nashville Marriage Records 1864–1905  (index)Nashville and Davidson County Marriage Records 1905–1916  (index)   Tennessee Divorce Records: Dates: From July 1905 Cost of copy: $15.00 Comments: Vital Records Office keeps divorce records for 50 years. Older records are maintained by the Tennessee State Archives. Divorces can also be obtained from the Clerk of Court in the county where the divorce was granted. If youre ineligible to receive a certified copy of the divorce, you can still apply for Verification of Divorce Facts for a transcription of information from the divorce record.Application for Tennessee Divorce or Annulment Certificate * Early divorce requests in Tennessee had to be approved by the Tennessee General Assembly. Search the Index to Names in the Acts of Tennessee 1796-1850 to see if there is a listing for a particular individual. If found, the Tennessee State Archives can provide copies for a fee. More US Vital Records - Choose a State

Managing absenteeism in the work place - meat industry. Methods for Dissertation

Managing absenteeism in the work place - meat industry. Methods for reducing absenteeism - Dissertation Example 128). Qualitative methods can be characterised as â€Å"interpretative†, â€Å"subjective† and â€Å"introspective† and the research findings are not conclusive or representative of the population of interest to the researcher due to small sample sizes. Nevertheless, qualitative research is often used as an â€Å"exploratory tool† (McDaniel & Gates, 2007, p. 130) gaining current and relevant information about the research problem. This information can help to define the research problem more precisely and to support the gathered data from the primary research method (Stevens et al. 1997, pp. 54-55). Before any preliminary data gathering was carried out for the study at hand, the researcher stated the basic research question and brainstormed some research objectives. Through this, the researcher was able to determine the appropriate research approach to be used. For the secondary data gathering, the researcher determined that two sub-methods would be utilis ed: data gathering from previous empirical studies and interviews. The interviews could fall under either one-on-one interviews or focused-group discussions. As there is no general rule for deciding how many group discussions or individual interviews are needed to cover a subject (Hague, Hague, & Morgan, 2004, p. 54), the researcher considered the completion of the conceptual diagram (see Fig. 1) and decided to conduct five focused-group discussion, five expert interviews, and ten individual depth interviews. Figure 1 Conceptual Diagram Advantages Relevant secondary literature, such as journal articles about similar research topics and industry information, was reviewed in order to clarify and refine the research objectives and to specify the correct flow of questions for the interview (Polonsky & Waller, 2005, p. 85). The findings and methodology of the identified key literature provided essential information and served as a basis for the secondary data gathering of this study. The major advantage of this method is acquiring several scholarly data within a short span of time. Furthermore, the main advantage of focused-group discussions and individual depth interviews (Polonsky & Waller, 2005, p. 84) is the quick and economical manner of obtaining insights into the methods of various industries and organisations on how they identify causes of absenteeism, measure and monitor absence, decide on benchmarks, manage absenteeism within the workplace, work on strategies, create flexible working policies, carry out disciplinary policies and procedures, issue notices, and have return-to-work interviews. In-depth interviews among employees can also identify the common reasons for absence and bring to light some factors that employers should consider in managing absenteeism in the workplace. Disadvantages As other researchers have previously collected secondary data for some other purpose, it is necessary to assess the accuracy and relevance of these data to the current project (e.g. the data source, purpose of the study, data collection method, main findings, how current is the research and is it consistent with other information, etc.) (McDaniel & Gates, 2007, pp. 94-95). Some secondary data was not relevant or applicable to the current research problem, because the findings were outdated and reporting units, measurement units and class definitions

Michelangelo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Michelangelo - Essay Example Michelangelo spent a year with Ghirlandaio, and then his apprenticeship was broken off. He got access to the collection of ancient Roman sculpture of the ruler of Florence, Lorenzo de’Medici. Michelangelo lived with Lorenzo’s family and became like a son to him. The death of Lorenzo in 1492 was a very painful moment in the artist’s life. Soon after Lorenzo died the Medici family lost power and Michelangelo had to flee to Bologna. About the same time Michelangelo studied anatomy at the hospital Santo-Spirito, which helped him a lot in becoming a great sculptor as we know him. Michelangelo created his fist sculpture at the age of 17. That was the Battle of the Centaurs. In 1496 Michelangelo moved to Rome and spent five years there. We do not know much of his life and work at that period of time. There he carved a statue of Bacchus for a bankers garden of ancient sculpture. â€Å"This is Michelangelos earliest surviving large-scale work, and his only sculpture meant to be viewed from all sides.†(Michelangelo Biography, para.5) In 1498 he carved Pieta (pieta is a type of image in which Mary supports the dead body of Christ across her knees), which is now in St. Peter’s Cathedral. When Michelangelo returned to his hometown – Florence - in 1501, he was recognized as the most talented sculptor of the central Italy. He started carving the statue of David for Florence cathedral. â€Å"In the David Michelangelo first displayed that quality of _terribilità  _, of spirit-quailing, awe-inspiring force, for which he afterwards became so famous†¦ He was, however, far from having yet adopted those systematic proportions for the human body which later on gave an air of monotonous impressiveness to all his figures. On the contrary, this young giant strongly recalls the model; still more strongly indeed than the Bacchus did. Wishing perhaps to adhere strictly to the Biblical story, Michelangelo studied a lad whose frame was not developed."(Symonds,

Health promotion within the midwifery profession

Health promotion within the midwifery profession This essay will focus on smoking and diet in relation to health promotion within the midwifery profession. Smoking and diet are two main areas of health promotion, which are addressed within the role of the midwife. Smoking and types of diet are both choices which women choose to make, both of which can affect their own health and the health of their child. Smoking is known to have negative effects on pregnancy. There have been many recent public health campaigns which encourage smoking cessation; the reasons for this will be discussed in relation to maternal and fetal heatlh. Diet is an extensive topic and an unhealthy diet can affect pregnancy in various ways. The subtopics of vitamin deficiencies and obesity will be discussed as they are both relevant to todays population of women within the UK. It is a midwives role to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle; as set out by The Royal College of Midwives, and the Nursing and Midwifery council, whom provide rules, regulations and standards which midwives must adhere to when practicing. Evidence based guidelines are also set out by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists to improve the way in which midwives practice. Both rules and guidelines aim to provide training which enable midwives to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle to optimise the health of the woman and her developing fetus prior to and during pregnancy. Being healthy means different things to different people. There are many different definitions of health. The medical model, now common in the 20th century, defines health as being the absence of illness and presence of a good bodily function. However, this definition does not take into account social or mental factors and focuses on treatment rather than prevention which may be considered as reductionist and negative (Scriven 2010). Whereas a holistic definition, by The World Health Organisation (1948), states that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Even though the holistic model may be praised for acknowledging that mental and social factors effect health, WHOs definition has been heavily criticised for being too idealistic and would consider many people unhealthy (Scriven 2010). In relation to midwifery it is important to promote health, as a healthy diet and lifestyle prior to and during pregnan cy improves the chances of a successful pregnancy. It is a midwives role to promote health and wellbeing of women and their babies (NMC, 2008). Health promotion, as described by Scriven (2010), is said to be improving, advancing, supporting, encouraging and placing health higher on personal and public agendas. Midwives use health promotion models and approaches to enable a common value to be made clear; allowing all team members to work towards the same goal. As a result, effective communication between midwives is more likely, and therefore the quality of health promotion given to women is improved (Bowden 2006). Commonly, Tannahills model of health promotion, developed by Downie et al (1996), lends itself well to midwifery practice. The model mainly focuses on health education, health protection and preventing ill-health. These three main topics overlap; in which health promoting activities may fall. Child vaccination programmes implemented by the NHS is an example of health protection overlapping with ill-health prevention that oc curs in practice (Bowden 2006).This example emphasises the positive feature of the model; being able to carry out both objectives of improving health and preventing disease (Sykes 2007). The educational approach is often used within this model whereby the midwife gives facts and information to the women who may then choose to act on the information given, or not (Bowden 2006). Similarly, the behaviour change approach is commonly used in midwifery when encouraging women to change her attitudes or beliefs to adopt a healthier lifestyle (Bowden 2006). There are many health promotions approaches and models. However, no specific model is relevant to every woman. Each woman will have individual needs and therefore requires an individual assessment in relation to health promotion. Recently smoking has been the centre of health promotion. It is generally accepted that smoking in pregnancy has detrimental effects on fetal growth. Conter et al (1995) found that women who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy were more likely to have a baby with a lower birth weight than babies born to women who did not smoke during pregnancy. Carbon monoxide, inhaled in cigarette smoke, combines more readily with haemoglobin than oxygen (Sherwood, 2006). As a result, the maternal blood supplies less oxygen to the fetus for growth and development; often resulting in low-birth-weight babies. Lumley et al (2009) undertook a systematic review and concluded that methods which encourage women to quit smoking while pregnant reduce the amount of women who continue to smoke in late pregnancy, as well as reducing low birth weights and pre-term birth. However, some women may argue that it is desirable to have a smaller baby as they assume labour will be shorter and less painful, and therefore will not stop smoking. The midwife must explain that this is untrue and there are serious health implications to herself and her child. It is well-known that babies born with a low-birth weight are more likely to die in their first year of life, or require special educational needs during childhood (RCM 2003). Maternal smoking is thought to increase the risk of miscarriage. Abnormal placentation is a cause of spontaneous abortion of which is linked to increased blood pressure; an adverse effect of smoking (Stables and Rankin, 2010). However, research findings are inconclusive. Similarly, maternal smoking is known to increase the likelihood of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Blair et al (1996) found that the risk of sudden infant death rose with maternal smoking. Postnatal infant exposure to tobacco smoke was also seen to increase the likelihood of SIDS. It can therefore be concluded that antenatal care that encourages smoking cessation during pregnancy and reduces exposure to tobacco smoke in the postnatal environment may help to reduce stillbirths and infant deaths. However, the link between smoking and SIDS is not directional as the causes of SIDS are not yet known. Considering the possible consequences of smoking in pregnancy, it is important that midwives offer help and support to women and their families to encourage smoking cessation. NICE (2010) has recommended that midwives should breath test pregnant women for carbon monoxide levels at booking and antenatal appointments. However, this method may be unreliable as carbon monoxide levels fall quickly in expired breath, and therefore is likely to fail to observe carbon monoxide levels associated with low-levels of smoking. Furthermore, such a test may be considered invasive as some women may not want to disclose their smoking status or. Many women may also feel discouraged to attend antenatal appointments in fear of being judged by the midwife if they have not, or do not want to quit smoking. This may prevent midwives from promoting health if they do not get to speak to, support and educate the women during their antenatal visits. Alternatively, all smoking pregnant women should be given guidance and referred to NHS Stop Smoking Services (NICE 2010). Such services are designed to provide evidence-based non-judgemental support to people who want to stop smoking. It is the responsibility of the midwife to refer women to another practitioner if their health or wellbeing would benefit from doing so (NMC 2008). This may include referral to an especially trained midwife to support pregnant women in stopping smoking. This may enable women to see the same midwife regularly, enabling a midwife-woman relationship to be formed. Therefore women may feel a greater level of support provided by the midwife; increasing the likelihood of smoking cessation. Yet a shortage of midwives may prevent this and instead become a barrier to the further improvement of effective health promotion and smoking cessation services. Successful smoking cessation not only involves educating pregnant women, but their families too. Ashford et al (2009) suggested that it is significantly important that a womans partner and family are well educated by health professionals about the effects of second hand smoke to maintain a smoke-free home to prevent postpartum relapse rates. It is the responsibility of the midwife to ensure that the pregnant woman and her family are aware of the psychological and physical effects of passive smoking. In response to this, a midwife may offer information to women and her family regarding nicotine replacement therapy to encourage cessation. Smoking cessation advice given with the provision of nicotine replacement therapy is a typical intervention in relation to the prevention health education domain of the Tannahill model (Sykes 2007). For most smokers motivation to stop smoking is key. Yet for many women and their partners the presence or planning of a pregnancy is sufficient motivation (Heggie 2006). However, in practice, the midwife may not only provide information about the health benefits of smoking cessation, but the social and financial too. Financial savings can be large and seen quickly, a possible appealing factor to stopping smoking. Socially, women may be able re-build relationships with non-smoking friends; a good source of support to prevent smoking relapse (Heggie 2006). Considering time constraints which often cause a barrier to effective health promotion by the midwife, discussions related to smoking may be brief or an information overload. The midwife may use visual aids such as leaflets, pictures and tables may improve the likelihood that the information is understood, hopefully improving the likelihood that the woman would choose to quit smoking. When encouraging women to quit smoking, the midwi fe commonly uses educational and behaviour-change models, to inform and encourage women to improve their lifestyle for the benefit of her own and the health of her baby. It is equally important that midwives provide pregnant women with information on diet and nutrition as well as smoking in relation to promoting health. It is essential that a pregnant woman has a good nutritional intake, prior to conception and during pregnancy as the developing fetus requires basic nutritional substances for the development of vital structures and systems (Stables and Rankin, 2010). It is generally advised that pregnant women should consume a balanced diet, rich in fruit, vegetables, dairy and starchy carbohydrates. A poor nutritional intake can lead to deficiencies which can cause fetal deformities. An example of this is folic acid; a vitamin essential for the development of DNA and the nervous system. A deficiency of folic acid in early pregnancy can lead to neural tube defects such as spina bifida. During the first 4 weeks of pregnancy, the neural tube is developing, which is often before a woman realises she is pregnant. It would then be recommended to take folic acid as soon as possible, up until 12 weeks of pregnancy, as well as eating a range of foods rich in folic acid such as leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits and fortified cereals (Hunter et al, 2003). Similarly, vitamin D is also important during pregnancy. Women who are not regularly exposed to sunlight or do not eat fish nor dairy, may have a deficiency in vitamin D. Vitamin D assists with the absorption of calcium, essential for the formation of the developing bones and teeth of the fetus (Hunter et al, 2003). However, a randomised control trial conducted by Abdel-Aleem et al (2009) concluded that there are no noticeable effects on fetal or infant growth born to women who received calcium supplementation during pregnancy. Yet, it is difficult to generalise these findings to western cultures as participants were from eastern cultures such as India, South Africa and Vietnam. In contrast, women who over-eat are also at risk during pregnancy. Obesity is becoming an increasing problem for women within the UK. The NHS UK obesity statistics (2010) state that in 2008 25% of women aged 16 and aver were classed as obese. Pregnant women with a Body Mass Index of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤30 kg/m2 at the first antenatal consultation are considered obese (CMACE RCOG, 2010). In obesity, fatty deposits to build up within the arteries, causing blockages. This can cause hypertension, of which can increase the chances of preeclampsia; a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. OBrien et al (2003) found that the risk of preeclampsia doubled in women with a greater pre-pregnancy body mass index. In response to many findings suggesting that obesity has adverse effects on pregnancy, it may be concluded that pre-pregnancy healthy eating advice and weight loss programmes may be beneficial. Due to the extensive effects that diet can have on pregnancy, it is important that the midwife addresses the importance of a healthy diet to women in her care. It is essential that midwives consider a womans lifestyle in relation to her diet. Many women may have a busy lifestyle where they are unable to regularly exercise and prepare meals with fresh ingredients; possibly a contributing factor of obesity. The Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries and The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2010) released guidelines in relation to the management of women with obesity in pregnancy. This allows specific guidelines for midwives to follow to provide extra support for women with obesity. Even though the guidelines focus on pregnant women with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2, the recommendations can be adapted for women whose body mass index is just below this obesity threshold if considered beneficial. The midwife should spend time during the booking interview to explaining the importance of specific nutrients in relation to her own and her babys health. NICE (2008) suggests that all pregnant women should be advised of the importance of folic acid supplementation prior to and during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. All women should also be informed about where to get folic acid, which foods contain folic acid, and the recommended daily dose of 400 micrograms per day to prevent less-educated women from not accessing the supplement. Supplementation of pre-pregnancy folic acid is an example of the prevention of ill-health and disease domain of the Tannahils model that occurs in practice (Bowden 2006). Also, it is important a midwife explains which foods should be avoided and why. However, women may choose not to eat nutrient-rich foods because they do not like them. In response, a midwife should provide information on practice alternatives and changes to encourage a healthier diet. Again, this is an example of the behaviour-change and educational models in practice. However, some suggestions may be costly, for example, increasing fruit and vegetable intake or extra nutritional supplements. Hence the midwife should have an up-to-date knowledge of financial benefits that pregnant women can claim, to prevent less economically advantaged women in from being disadvantaged. Again, time restraints may be a barrier to providing health related information to enable women to make informed choices about their diet. Therefore the midwives communication must be effective to ensure that women understand the information. It is part of a midwives role to communicate effectively (NMC 2008). More than one form of communication is more effective in increasing understanding, than only using one (Kerr et al, 2005). In practice, the midwife may therefore discuss a nutritional need then provide leaflets and web addresses with references so women can access further information to enable their informed choice. In addition, during booking, the midwife provides a free copy of the pregnancy book to every woman. The book aims to provide extra information and support for expectant mums and partners, Different aspects of pregnancy are explained to optimise the health and wellbeing of the mother and baby. NICE (2008) states that all pregnant women should receive information regarding the importance of their own and their babys health during the booking interview and antenatal appointments. Often this includes discussing the womans smoking status, diet and the environment which effects this. This includes assessing a women and her baby, providing up to date and accurate information in relation to their health, and if necessary referral to other health related services. The midwife is responsible for updating her own knowledge and skills to ensure that women receive the most up to date care and information. When delivering effective care, the midwife must ensure that she treats each woman as an individual, with respect, dignity, and kindness to enable women to trust her midwife with her health and wellbeing (NMC 2008). In conclusion, the midwife has a vital role in promoting health in relation to smoking and diet. Smoking and a poor diet during pregnancy can have serious adverse effects on the mother and baby. Often the main point of contact during pregnancy, the midwife provides essential information and support to women and her family with the health of the mother and baby at heart. By adhering to rules, standards and guidelines the midwife can ensure that the care provided is of the highest standard. Midwives understand that each woman is an individual and her needs are assessed on an individual basis, with a non-judgemental, caring nature. It is essential that a midwife fulfils her role in promoting a balanced, healthy diet and lifestyle prior to and during pregnancy to improve the chances of a successful pregnancy outcome. Word count: 2839

Les Miserables :: essays research papers

Can we really say we know what a hard life is? The character Fantine in Les Miserables definitely had a hard life, with no breaks. She had a daughter who she adored and never got to see. She worked most of her life and always lived in poverty. Death came upon Fantine while she was in the hospital wishing only to see her child. First, working, for anyone is no easy task. It's especially hard when you have a child. Fantine felt very bad that she couldn't give her baby daughter, Cosette, everything she deserved. One day when Fantine was passing by an Inn she met a woman who had children of her own. Fantine asked if she could leave her child with them and would pay. With that done, Fantine moved on, leaving Cosette with people she believed would take care of her. This was so hard for her, for any mother, and she knew she wouldn't see her again for a very long time. Secongly, although Fantine didn't get to be with Cosette and raise her, she still had to pay for her staying with the better family (So she thought they were). They would make her pay more and more everytime saying Cosette needed more clothes or other excuses. Fantine of course would do anything for her daughter and sent more money, leaving herself dead broke and in poverty. She had nothing for herself, but she didn't care because she was giving her child "the best." She even turned to prostitution to make money. Finally Fantine, after working and doing anything to make money and still living in poverty, fell ill. She was hospitalized and Valjean would take care of her from time to time. Her only wish was to see her child she loved so much. She was only living to see her. Sadly, though, she died without ever getting to see her beloved Cosette. Fantine not only died miserable, sick and poor, but heart broken too. Les Miserables :: essays research papers Can we really say we know what a hard life is? The character Fantine in Les Miserables definitely had a hard life, with no breaks. She had a daughter who she adored and never got to see. She worked most of her life and always lived in poverty. Death came upon Fantine while she was in the hospital wishing only to see her child. First, working, for anyone is no easy task. It's especially hard when you have a child. Fantine felt very bad that she couldn't give her baby daughter, Cosette, everything she deserved. One day when Fantine was passing by an Inn she met a woman who had children of her own. Fantine asked if she could leave her child with them and would pay. With that done, Fantine moved on, leaving Cosette with people she believed would take care of her. This was so hard for her, for any mother, and she knew she wouldn't see her again for a very long time. Secongly, although Fantine didn't get to be with Cosette and raise her, she still had to pay for her staying with the better family (So she thought they were). They would make her pay more and more everytime saying Cosette needed more clothes or other excuses. Fantine of course would do anything for her daughter and sent more money, leaving herself dead broke and in poverty. She had nothing for herself, but she didn't care because she was giving her child "the best." She even turned to prostitution to make money. Finally Fantine, after working and doing anything to make money and still living in poverty, fell ill. She was hospitalized and Valjean would take care of her from time to time. Her only wish was to see her child she loved so much. She was only living to see her. Sadly, though, she died without ever getting to see her beloved Cosette. Fantine not only died miserable, sick and poor, but heart broken too.

Lean System Essay

Lean is a philosophy of manufacturing that emphasizes the minimization of the amount of all resources (including time) used in operations of the company. Operations processes are considered to be Lean when they are very efficient and have few wasted resources. The elimination of WASTE is actually the defining principle of Lean. By eliminating waste of all sorts in the system, the lean approach lowers labour, materials, and energy costs of production. Lean also emphasizes building exactly the products customers want, exactly when they need them. When lean capabilities are introduced in a firm, it can produce smaller quantities, and it can change outputs more quickly in response to changes in customer demand. The primary objectives of Lean systems are to: 1. Produce only the products that customers want. 2. Produce products only as quickly as customers want them. 3. Produce products with perfect quality. 4. Produce in the minimum possible lead-times. 5. Produce products with features that customers want, and no others. 6. Produce with no waste of labour, materials or equipment. 7. Produce with methods that reinforce the occupational development of works. Eliminate Waste Waste is anything that does not add value from the customer point of view. Storage, inspection, delay, waiting in queues, and defective products do not add value and are 100% waste. Seven Wastes: Overproduction, Queues, Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Over-processing and Defective products. Other resources such as energy, water, and air are often wasted. Efficient, sustainable production minimizes inputs, reduces waste. Traditional â€Å"housekeeping† has been expanded to the 7 Ss. Sort – when in doubt, throw it out. Simplify– methods analysis tools. Shine/sweep – clean daily. Standardize – remove variations from processes. Sustain – review work and recognize progress. Safety – build in good practices. Support/maintenance – reduce variability and unplanned downtime. There are four building blocks that contribute to the building of a lean system. When these elements are focused in the areas of cost, quality and  delivery, this forms the basis for a lean production system. They are: 1. Product design 2. Process design 3. Personnel/organizational elements 4. Manufacturing planning and control Product design : Each process is crucial and contributes to an effective lean system. Product design consists of standard parts (workers have fewer parts to deal with), modular design (an extension of standard parts, they are separate parts clustered together and treated as one unit), highly capable production systems with quality built in ( JIT requires highly capable production systems), and concurrent engineering (keeping engineering practices shouldn’t change to avoid disruptions).The fact that customers have unique needs makes it necessary for the producer in the manufacturing sector or the service sector to create products and services that contributes uniquely to the final customer’s requirements. All design activities have performance objectives that are important to all designs. These objectives are: A design should be of high quality; it should be produced quickly, on a dependent basis, flexibility and at a low cost. The three broad design categories, 1) the feasibility of the design, 2) the acceptability of the design, and 3) the vulnerability of each design option. Concurrent engineering-describes the process of collective product design by all affected functions in the organisation. Quality function deployment – is a planning tool used to fulfil customer expectations through a disciplined approach to product design engineering and production. Process Design: consists of small lot sizes (optimal one unit), setup time reductions, and manufacturing cells (specialized and efficient production centres, quality improvement, production flexibility, a balanced system (distributing workload evenly among the workstations), little inventory storage, and fail safe methods (incorporate ways to reduce or eliminate the potential for errors during the process). Lean systems have an extremely effective production method. Schedules must be communicated inside and outside the organization and Better sched uling improves performance and also Increases flexibility. Personnel/organizational: elements includes workers  as assets ( A JIT philosophy), Cross-trained workers (perform several parts of the process and operate several machines), cost accounting, and leadership/project management( a two-way communication process between managers and workers). Manufacturing planning and control: The last building block is manufacturing planning and control. It includes level loading,(achieving stable, level daily mix schedules) pull systems (work moves on in response to demand from the next stage in the process), visual systems (A kanban card used as authorization to move or work on parts), limited work-in-process, close vendor relationships, reduced transaction processing(logistical, balancing, quality, or change transactions), preventive maintenance and housekeeping(keeping the workplace clean and free of unneeded material. Improve employee communication. Identifying problems and driving out waste reduces costs and variability and improves throughput. Lean systems require managers to reduce variability caused by both internal and external factors. By pulling material in small lots, inventory cushions are removed; exposing problems and emphasizing continual improvement. Example Lean operations began as lean manufacturing which was developed by the automobile manufacturer, Toyota. Toyota was sensitive to waste and inefficiency issues. The goal was to eliminate all waste from the process. Waste was identified by them as anything that interfered with the process or simply did not add value. Companies began adopting the lean approach and to do so realized that they had to do major changes in their organization and with their culture in the organization. Lean methods have demand-based operations, flexible operations with rapid changeover capability, effective worker behaviors, and continuous improvement efforts. JIT system stands for a Just-In-Time system. It represents the philosophy that includes every aspect of the process from the design to after the sale. JIT is a highly coordinated processing system in which goods move through the system, and services are performed just as they are needed. First, management should decide if JIT is a compatible method for the company. JIT is best used with companies that have repetitive operations and a stable demand. The first step is planning the conversion to JIT. Managers need to  be involved in the process and understand the commitment needed. The next step is to begin working only with suppliers who support the JIT system. The biggest obstacles faced are management, worker or supplier disapproval, and also changing the culture of the company. Inventory is at the minimum level necessary to keep operations running. JIT Inventory Tactics: Use a pull system to move inventory; Reduce lot sizes; Develop just-in-time delivery systems with suppliers; Deliver directly to point of use; Perform to schedule; Reduce setup time; Use group technology. Different from JIT in that it is externally focused on the customer: Starts with understanding what the customer wants: Optimize the entire process from the customer’s perspective. The main benefits of lean operations systems are: 1. Reduced cost through reduced inventory levels 2. Higher quality 3. Reduced lead time 4. Increased productivity 5. Reduced amounts of waste Inventories should never be used as the solution to fix machine malfunctions. One method that JIT systems uses to minimize inventory is to have suppliers deliver goods directly to the production floor. Overall, carrying low inventories offers many benefits such as less carrying cost, less space needed, and less rework to complete in case of a product recall. Lean systems can also be referred to as â€Å"just-in-time† (JIT) systems. The object of a lean system is to create a system that is demand driven, and provides supply based on demand at any given point. Lean systems tend to concentrate on waste reduction and have continuous improvement.